Cis170 Ilab 5

Week 5 iLab Part A: using System; using System. Collections. Generic; using System. Linq; using System. Text; namespace Lab5A { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string[] playerName = new string[100]; int[] playerScore = new int[100]; int c = 0; c=InputData(ref playerName, ref playerScore); double avg= CalculateAverageScore(ref playerScore,c); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"Name Score†); DisplayPlayerData(ref playerName, ref playerScore, c); Console. WriteLine(); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"Average Score: † + avg + † â€Å"); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"Player's Who Scored Below Average†); Console.WriteLine(â€Å"Name Score†); DisplayBelowAverage(avg, ref playerName, ref playerScore,c); } static int InputData(ref string[] player, ref int[] score) { int addName = 0,counter=0; do { Console. Write(â€Å"Enter Player's Name (Q to quit): â€Å"); player[counter] = Console. ReadLine(); if (player[counter] == â€Å"q† || player[counter] == â⠂¬Å"Q†) { addName = 1; } else { Console. Write(â€Å"Enter score for {0}: â€Å", player[counter]); score[counter] = Convert. ToInt32(Console. ReadLine()); counter++; } } while (addName ! = 1); eturn counter; } static void DisplayPlayerData(ref string[] playerName, ref int[] playerScore,int counter) { for (int i = 0; i < counter; i++) { Console. WriteLine(â€Å"{0} {1}†, playerName[i], playerScore[i]); } } static double CalculateAverageScore(ref int[] playerScore,int counter) { int total = 0, avg = 0; for (int i = 0; i < counter; ++i) { total += Convert. ToInt32(playerScore[i]); } if (playerScore. Length > 0) avg = total / counter; return avg; } static void DisplayBelowAverage(double avg, ref string[] playerName, ref int[] playerScore,int counter) { or (int i = 0; i < counter; i++) { if (playerScore[i] < avg) { Console. WriteLine(â€Å"{0} {1}†, playerName[i], playerScore[i]); } } Console. ReadLine(); } } } Part B: using System; using System. Collections. Gen eric; using System. Linq; using System. Text; using System. Collections; namespace Week_5_iLab_Part_B { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string response = â€Å"y†; ArrayList LastNameAL = new ArrayList(); //Console. Write(â€Å"Enter a last name: â€Å"); //LastNameAL. Add(Console. ReadLine()); //Console. Write(â€Å"Keep Going? (Y/N) â€Å"); //response = Console.ReadLine(); while (response == â€Å"y†) { Console. Write(â€Å"Enter a last name: â€Å"); LastNameAL. Add(Console. ReadLine()); Console. Write(â€Å"Keep Going? (y/n) â€Å"); response = Console. ReadLine(); } Console. WriteLine(LastNameAL. Count + † last names entered. â€Å"); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"Last names in ascending order. â€Å"); LastNameAL. Sort(); foreach (string s in LastNameAL) { Console. WriteLine(s); } Console. WriteLine(â€Å"Last names in descending order. â€Å"); LastNameAL. Reverse(); foreach (string s in LastNameAL) { Console. WriteLine(s); } Cons ole. ReadLine(); } } }

Costing Methods Pape Essay

Write a paper of no more than 700 words addressing the following questions:  · What strategies did the management of Super Bakery, Inc. use?  · Why did Super Bakery’s management think it was necessary to install an ABC system? Do you agree with their reasoning? If you disagree, identify your recommended costing system, including your rationale, to management.  · Would a job order cost system or a process order cost system work for Super Bakery. Why or why not? Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. College is too important not to give it your all, no matter what you face throughout your collegiate career. Hopefully, this article has given you some very useful advice that will help make college life easier for you and getting to that all important graduation day with confidence a little less challenging. In this document ACC 561 Assignment Week 4 Costing Methods Paper there is a review of the following parts: Strategy ABC Installation Cost System Conclusion Business – Accounting Resource: Accounting Read BYP17-5, titled Communication Activity, in the Ch. 17 â€Å"Broadening Your Perspective† section of Accounting . Write a paper of no more than 700 words addressing the following questions:  · What strategies did the management of Super Bakery, Inc. use?  · Why did Super Bakery’s management think it was necessary to install an ABC system? Do you agree with their reasoning? If you disagree, identify your recommended costing system, including your rationale, to management. To get more course tutorials visit – https://bitly.com/12Binkm College is something that you want to make sure that you’re ready for as much as possible. While you have to live into much of it, there are many things you have to do ahead of time in order to make sure you’re successful. Make sure you continue reading in order to find out the information you need. Business – Accounting

Captain James Cook As God Of The Natives History Essay

Captain James Cook As God Of The Natives History Essay In anthropology one of the famous debates associated with the understanding of religious rituals and historical events about the death of Captain James Cook, the British discoverer of Hawaii. Whether the Hawaiian native took Captain Cook as their returning God Lono, or whether this may have been an understanding of apotheosis under the European myth model, in this essay I will analyse the anthropological debate, and in a similar case of apotheosis in which the discoverer of Mexico, Hernan Cortes was taken for the returning god QuetzalCoatl, according to records. A debate between Marshall Sahlins (1981, 1985, 1989, 1995) and Gananath Obeyesekere (1992) regarding the apotheosis or meaning of Hawaii’s discoverer Captain James Cook, has become quite famous in Anthropology. Captain Cook the leader of the English exploration ship â€Å"Resolution† came to Hawaii on January 17, 1779 and died by the native Hawaiians on February 14, 1779 (Beaglehole 1974; Hough 1995). On one si de of the debate, Sahlins disgusts that Cook’s death fits within the Hawaiians’ Makahiki calendrical rituals, where Cook is known as the returning God Lono and, his life must be ritually claimed by chief Kalaniopuu, who in turn is known as Lono’s rival God, Ku (1981:11). Cook’s case is tried to show Sahlins’s structural understanding of culturally attached historical processes (1981:7). On the other side of the debate, Obeyesekere questions Sahlins’s analysis is that his historical sources were taken for granted, and their credibility was not completely checked (Obeyesekere 1992:66-67). Furthermore, he disgust that Cook’s death was accidental. (Obeyesekere 1992:20). One of the most important points where the Sahlins-Obeyesekere debate appears to be important is the question of Captain Cook’s apotheosis or, promotion by the Hawaiians native. Obeyesekere makes a difference between â€Å"apotheosis† â€Å"(which he defines as a European myth of white man taken as a God by natives)†, and â€Å"deification† â€Å"(a Hawaiian custom in which a dead chief is conferred a God status)† (1992:91) Obeyesekere questions the apotheosis of Captain Cook as a fact. In his opinion, the apotheosis is a mystification which he attributes to the European imagination of the 18th century. His hypothesis is based on the myth models â€Å"pertaining to the redoubtable explorer cum civiliser who is a God to the natives† (Obeyesekere 1992:3). Obeyesekere claim that it is the Europeans that created the â€Å"European God for the natives,† therefore forging a myth of victory, imperialism and civilization (1992:3). Captain Cook as the God Lono Much of the debate of Captain Cook’s apotheosis seems to come from the issue of being called Lono, the name of one of the chief God in the Hawaiian temple. The problem comes from Cook’s classification as Lono is central to the alternative in terpretation suggest by Obeyesekere, which suppress Sahlins’s hypothesis on Captain Cook’s apotheosis. Cook’s name â€Å"Lono† is related with a variety of cases, the most unlikely being Hawaii’s political crisis at the time of Cook’s arrival and the potential need to give him a status that would guarantee his bond in Hawaiian warfare. Obeyesekere finds proof in the ship’s journals that Cook was identify as a human (1992:76). The ship’s officers acknowledge that Lono is a name given to other highly placed people. For this reason many had interpreted Lono as a title, when truly is a title.

The Molly Mcguires of Pennsylvania Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Molly Mcguires of Pennsylvania - Essay Example Though their life in Ireland was fraught with famine, poverty and arduous labor conditions, life in America was no less hard. At least in Ireland, they were not the subject of bigotry based simply on their heritage, accent or religion. Irish Catholics were thought of as almost sub-human. Two Catholic churches were burned to the ground while occupied in Philadelphia on May 6, 1844 causing 16 people to lose their lives. One of the only places in the country that the Irish were welcomed was in the coal mines of Pennsylvania where the owners of the mines were more than happy to employ those disenfranchised persons of Irish nationality who were desperate enough to take the dirty, dangerous jobs. It was in these Pennsylvania mining camps that the Molly Maguires experienced a rebirth in America. In 1860, following a typical tough day of mining, several Irishmen were heavily drinking and bemoaning the harsh working conditions at their usual location, the Girardville, PA lodge of the Ancient Order of Hibernians, a group established by Irish Catholics (Liljegren, 1964). The Irish working class had a long history of acting violently when they believed that they were being taken advantage of and the addition of being drunk and extremely unhappy served to light the fuse for actions against their oppressors. This is when they reformed the Molly Maguires, a group that had its roots in Ireland during the 1700’s. This very secretive brotherhood was originally formed to exact retribution upon their cruel English landlords who were infamous in their treatment of Irish tenants. The English would actually kill their tenants so that they could raise the rent on new renters. The ‘Mollies,’ as they were commonly called, took this name from such an instance of cruelty. Molly Maguire was an aged widow who was one of the people being evicted from her home by one of these evil

Anthropology. DNA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anthropology. DNA - Essay Example A chromosome is thus a structure that has DNA molecule that consists of many genes. According to Mendel, offspring receive their genes from the parents. Half of the genes are inherited from one parent and the other half from the other parents. Both parents are thus responsible for the traits displayed by the offspring. In mitosis, the daughter cells are identical to the parent cells without any differentiation (Ridley, 25). In meiosis however, due to the crossing over during the metaphase, mutation occurs. It can thus be concluded that the traits that are inherited form both parents and genetic mutation that may take place during crossing over in meiosis are accountable for the characteristics found in offspring. Question 2 Hardy-Weinberg principle is based on the fact that genetic variation is constant through generation in absence of other evolutionary forces. For these variations to remain constant there are some limiting factors that should be in place. One of the factors is the existence of random mating. According to him, populations have specific genes frequencies. If random mating does not take place then the proportions that Hardy proposes cannot be achieved. An example of non-random mating could be through inbreeding where homozygozity of genes in the population is achieved. Selection is another factor which leads to rapid changes in allele frequencies where the desirable characteristics are favored. This can be changed through artificial breeding where all the traits are maintained. Mutation has minimal effects on allele order. However, it can cause remarkable changes in the population if it is recurrent. Migration also affects allele’s frequencies (Ridley, 84). With migration homogeneity of genes within the population is increased since it causes random mating. Lack of migration would result in a certain population having almost homozygous traits. Genetic drift is another factor. This occurs in small sized population and this causes swift cha nges in gene frequency. This is not applicable in large sized population. Question 3 Natural selection is the process through which organism that is best adapted to live in a certain environment survives while the organisms which have weak traits die out or migrate. It is nature’s way of retaining organism with the best trait on the planet while the weaker genes die out. The process of natural selection has been cited as an important stage in evolution. Darwin supported the theory of natural selection using several premises. One is that natural selection comes as a result of existence of variations in organisms. You will find that a certain trait will be displayed over a range of characteristic s within the same species. For instance there is a wide range of skin completion in man. These differences allows for the creation of new traits in the next generation when parents with different traits mate. This creates a room where the trait that is best suited for a certain environ ment to be favored bringing about natural selection. There are however other traits that do not show variation such the number of eyes in mammals. Moreover, some traits that organism have are acquired from the parents while others are obtained from the environment. The traits acquired from the environment are passed to the next generation bringing about differentiation. Another factor that brings about natural selection is high levels of population growth rate. The population of organism increases when the conditions are favorable for example vegetation population in the forest during the heavy rains. Drought causes the organism to compete over limited resources. The organisms that survive during such conditions are the ones that have been adopted to survive with less water

Summary on Creep Behavior of Discontinuous SiC-Al composites Essay

Summary on Creep Behavior of Discontinuous SiC-Al composites - Essay Example The first experiment tested compressed creep on SiC with 3-5 wt. percentages of Li at a temperature of 505-866k. The results showed that Li increases the strengthening power of SiC and its wetting behavior. The second experiment tested the creep behavior of SiCw and SiCp covered with aluminum alloy at a temperature of 505-644k. The results showed that both composites were steady but SiCW was more resistant to creep compared to SiCp. The results were because of the variations in the components load bearing abilities, their strengths and the applied temperatures. The conducted experiments revealed that the quality of creep rates depend on the applied temperatures and stress (Mohamed, Park & Lavernia 22). The article also used the shear lag method to test the creep rate of discontinuous composites by applying stress and geographic parameters. In this method, the composite has short fibers inserted in the creeping matrix; the shear transports the load from the matrix to fiber and this ap proach applies creep power law. This method is efficient in transferring the load from matrix to fiber and handling stress level within the fiber. ... In the experiment, the composite phase acted as a regular aligns and there was periodic array of fibers. The experiment applied the creep power law by ensuring that reinforcement phase remains elastic (Mohamed, Park & Lavernia 26). The results indicated that matrix develops higher stress, which reduces composites creep rates. It also showed that geometry arrangements affect the quality of the creep rate. Indeed, the results note that creep law favors the Ag-40wt. percentage composites only but not the composites of SiC-Al (Mohamed, Park & Lavernia 27). Considering the obtained results, the article explains the deformation models using dislocation motion. It analyses whether similar dislocation processes can be applicable for both DS alloy creep and the SiC-Al composites creep. In addition, the article also evaluates successfully the characteristics of deformation process on DS alloys and SiC-Al composites. The article highlights the strain exponent of creep and identifies the followi ng assumptions. Firstly, the high stress exponent and variations results from threshold stress. Additionally, the threshold stress and strength applied on the creep depends on applied stress and lastly, the activation energy for SiC-Al composites and DS alloys are similar (Mohamed, Park & Lavernia 30). The article concludes that SiC-Al composites and DS alloys have similar creep behaviors regardless of their stress exponent and activation energies. Importantly, the article identifies that shear log assumptions on the creep behavior of SiC-al are inconsistence. Indeed, the study offers the similarities in the creep behavior among composites, the evidential calculations and dissimilarities among activation

Global Finance Law question on ( Money Laundering & Terrorists Finance Essay

Global Finance Law question on ( Money Laundering & Terrorists Finance ) - Essay Example The money can be laundered by using various methods that are usually varied and can also range in the sophistication from the simple processes to the complex ones. The government usually has lots of problems when combating the crime of money laundering. It has no association with the drama that is involved in the cases of robbery or any kind of fear that that is imprinted on the people’s physic through the violent crimes. However, money laundering usually takes place after a predicate crime that can be a house robbery, a housebreaking or a drug dealing that takes place at a particular place. It is usually perceived to be an invisible problem due to the lack of information about the money laundering that is available to the people on streets, hence making it more difficult to tackle and deal with by everyone who is affected by it in one way or the other. When money laundering is done successfully, it allows the criminals of the society to maintain their control over the proceed ings and also ultimately provides them a legitimate cover over their sources of income. It plays a fundamental role and facilitates the activities and the ambitions of the drug traffickers, the terrorists, the insider dealers, the organized criminals, the people involved in the tax evasion along with many others who seek to avoid particular attentions from various people. The people who are not involved directly but do it by being involved in one way or the other are benefitted from money laundering. It hides their work from the authorities and the work they have done as a reason for their sudden increase in wealth in a short span of time which comes from the illegal activities they are involved in for most of their time. The engagement of people in these activities makes sure that it works according to their hopes in order to place the proceeds beyond the reach of any restrictions laid by the authorities or the reach of any of the asset forfeiture laws. Money laundering can be look ed upon by taking in different situations to make the study more complex: Classic Money Laundering A person who has an illicit income is believed to be involved in classing money laundering. This person is usually a drug dealer, a jewel thief or a conman. Such a person is usually worried about that he will have to suffer from the Al Capone treatment and will be convicted of the tax evasion even if the government does not put any kind of the underlying criminal activity on the person in the given situations. Modern Money Laundering The other way in which a person can get involved in the money laundering process is when a person has some big lump of cash that a person makes sure that it is not known to other people in the neighborhood in the society. Most of the times, this is an effort to keep the income hidden from the income tax department people. The other goal that is associated is to make sure that the money keeps coming without the attention of any other person in the society w ho might claim their authority or their part on the money that is involved. For this kind of money laundering, the focus is on making the money disappear from the notice of other people. A person is usually tended to use the facilities of foreign banks and other shell companies so that all their money can be kept hidden and their work goes on without notice. Disappearing the Money The easiest and the quickest way of disappearing money for a person, especially when it is in the form of cash is to stash it in the

Fashion goes round in circles Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fashion goes round in circles - Research Paper Example The essay "Fashion goes round in circles" concerns the fashion designs. The notion thus results in the repetition of previous fashions but with new improvements. The repetitive nature of fashion arises from the fact that the practice is an art and therefore relies on the moral demands of the society as explained in the essay below. Fashion design demands both originality and uniqueness in the works of the designers. The originality and the uniqueness of designer are limited to the prevailing social and cultural features. Such influence the tastes and preferences of people thus determining their selection of a fashion design to consume. Despite being cultural products, fashion design is a multi-billion dollar company in the contemporary society employing millions of people globally. The designers demand profitability and the longevity of their product line. Fashion designers thus carry out extensive market researches with the view of determining the prevailing social and cultural fact ors that may influence the preference of the consumers to a particular design. Designers thus limit their creativity to the demands of the society, which often make up their target market. The consumption of fashion design products relies on decency and aesthetic appeal. In the selection of clothes for example, most people prefer clothes that do not only cover their nakedness but also flatter their bodies thus complementing their looks and body shapes. The works of the designers thus remains limited to the decency.... Culture and religion are two main social factors that influence both the consumption of fashion design products and their production in equal measure owing to the fact that the two have a close relation. The above among many other operational factors influence the production of fashion design products. The profession restricts productivity since it relies on the prevailing social and cultural features. These validate the claim that fashion design products go round in circles with the designers often recycling their previous works. Additional factors that contribute to the emergence of the trend include both consumption and production of the fashion design products. After determining a design that covers the essential parts of a human body or a design that exhibits a specific quality, the designers use the sale of such products to determine the success of the brand. They therefore center their subsequent designs on a successful previous design. This way, the works do cease to exhibit any originality since the products are all related. Blouses and shirts have retained a particular design over the years with most designers often changing either the shape of the neck or other negligible features of the clothes. Such designers as Mark Spencer and Sir Henry enjoy a global market in the design and production of shirts. However, the two product lines do not exhibit any difference in their products. The differences often arise from the raw materials they use and the company logo (Hollander 121). Shirts have a specific shape and neither company can manipulate this in order to develop a new unique product. Such fundamental factors of fashion design thus limit both designers and

Why marijuana should be legalized Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why marijuana should be legalized - Essay Example Thesis: Marijuana is a drug; however this drug is similar to drugs that are already legal such as caffeine and tobacco. Many with health problems can benefit from the use of marijuana and marijuana is safer than most commonly prescribed drugs. The Legalization of Marijuana To much of the public, marijuana is known as a drug. To those who use marijuana, it is known as medicine. This medicine does many things and helps many. Marijuana is used to treat cancer symptoms and eating disorders, and that is just the start of the benefits marijuana has to offer. Overall, it is believed that a large amount of time and money is wasted by drug task force agencies in the aid to prevent the sale and use of marijuana. Legalizing marijuana would lessen the need to waste funding on these agencies. Marijuana is a drug; however this drug is similar to drugs that are already legal such as caffeine and tobacco. Many with health problems can benefit from the use of marijuana and marijuana is safer then mos t commonly prescribed drugs. To understand why some would like for marijuana to be legal, it is important to understand the history of marijuana. Marijuana is an all natural plant that grows naturally. Marijuana in its natural form is said to date back to 2737 B.C. Throughout history marijuana was used to create a euphoria effect. In 1942, marijuana was listed by pharmaceutical companies and used to treat many different disorders. Not soon after the drug was used for common medical problems was it then labeled in the same drug class as heroin. The government then banned marijuana claiming it was a â€Å"gateway† drug. Marijuana was at one point legal, just like many other commonly known drugs. Since marijuana is used for medicinal purposes, it needs to be treated like other prescription drugs. This means, keeping it in a safe area, and only using when prescribed. Those who have abused the drug and shared with teenagers could have contributed to harsh government regulation whi ch caused the ban of marijuana in the first place. It is important to be smart with any and all prescription drugs. This is why with the correct amount of education, marijuana should again become legal and used for its created purposes. There is so much money spent by American, Mexican, Canadian and other authorities to try and prevent the growing, use and distribution of marijuana. The amount of money spent by America alone is billions each year. For a government trying to make budget cuts, legalizing marijuana would free up a large amount of money that could be used to get America out of debt. This billions of dollars doesn’t even cover the cost of inmate housing. Since distribution, possession and use of marijuana is punishable by jail, many are sent to prison because marijuana is illegal. Punishing those who use marijuana only creates more spending to house inmates and contributes to prison overcrowding. Eating disorders and cancers are another common problem that marijua na helps with. Those who suffer from bulimia, anorexia, and lack of appetite from chemotherapy, benefit from using marijuana. Marijuana allows the brain to tell the body that it is hungry and may be the only thing that works to help those who normally would not be able to eat. Legalizing the use of marijuana for these disorders improves the quality of life and betters the chance of survival for the ones battling the disorders. Marijuana creates euphoric effects. These euphoric affects help many concentrate. Those who struggle with ADHD, ADD and who are generally excitable can use marijuana to relax and better focus. This is much safer to use then commonly prescribed medicines such as Aderal, Ridalin and anti anxiety medications. Many commonly use medicines used to help people concentrate have caused heart attack and

Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Critique - Essay Example The strong dialogue delivery by the actors and their performances has played a key role in making this movie an exceptional one. It is impossible to make an exceptional movie with an utmost perfection without an excellent direction and a strong story. Joel Coen and Ethan Coen have perfectly represented the deteriorated situation of law and order of New Mexico. The film contains all the elements present in a western society with no law and greater violence filled with hatred and agony that is so visible from the way the directors have represented the perfect western violated society. The movie has the perfect cinematography, editing and shot composition that together have made this movie a flawless masterpiece. Every shot is captured beautifully. For example Moss is hunting when he spots a hunting dog. Here the scene â€Å"Cuts to† the far away scene of four to five pickup trucks; with opened doors and no people in it. Then it again cut to the scene of Moss standing in between the dead bodies and the dead dog. The balance and the sequence between the shots are clearly visible. Another example of a glorious sequence is when Moss starts heading along the tire tracks which is hardly visible in the tall grass, the scene cuts to the place where Moss spots the tree where he thought that the man with the money would have stopped, then its cuts again and Moss is seen on the dead body of that man. From there is gets into his car, within a second in his home and the other second he is shown talking to his wife. The entire sequence is flawless and captivating. The movie has shown so much blood-filled scenes that may be something that few of the audience may find it hard to watch. The directors have tried their best to go with the novel without any alteration; only where it was necessary for them to change. This has enhanced the strong screenplay of the movie. The

Narrative Example Essay Example for Free

Narrative Example Essay T ‘was a beautiful day. The sun shone brightly in the East. Birds chirping, sweetly singing on the branches of a trees. Warm smiles of my neighbors, together with the refreshing smell of cold breeze joined the atmosphere. Everything was so perfect. BUZZ, BUZZ, BUZZZZZZ. My alarm clock rang. What?! I’m so late for my class. Blame that stupid dream. Hurriedly, I forcefully took a bath on cold waters. Within 15 minutes, I was all set. I arrived at school very late. When I entered the class, a male friend of mine smiled at me. To show some respect, I flashed my not-so-cool grin and sank to my seat. Bored enough, I took my phone out. A text message from someone anonymous surprised me. It said, â€Å"Meet me at the canteen at exactly 9 A.M. Refer to the School clock†. I glanced at the clock, yawned and dozed off to sleep. See more: how to start a narrative essay for college I completely forgot about the text. Zzzzzzz. Seconds, minutes, hours flew fast by. My typical day ended somewhat nothing has been accomplished. I loved it. Entering our house, my phone rang. A friend was calling. A male voice from the other line was talking , telling me to go with him on the hospital because there was an emergency. I hurriedly went out the house and went with him. As we walked, thoughts engulfed me, the hospital was our neighbour and we went to ride in a car. How strange. Upon entering the car, my friends shouted â€Å"VICTIM† and laughed so hard. Okay, that was a set-up! I was so pissed off. Grrrrhhh! They brought me to Waterworld Resort. Entering the gates, the Ensemble played a soft romantic music. A waiter signalled me to come so I followed him. Later, I saw a guy holding a white rose. I studied him carefully only to be surprised that the guy was my crush. I saw him flashed his pearly whites on me. Wondering, I went and asked him, â€Å" What’s this?† Instead of answering, he motioned me to come with him. We walked on the garden and talked. I talked, he talked, we talked. I smiled, he laughed. Food trips and more talks It’s so sad but I have to bid him goodbye . Before I walked away from him, he hugged me so tight in front of my friends and whispered his three magical words, â€Å"I love you†. I was so shocked. I don’t know how would I react so I just smiled and nod. I can’t talk that night. I felt like my mind is somewhere over there, away from me. It was so romantic. It was so memorable. Dated with love, February 28, 2010. More dates followed and he courted me. We became young lovers and until now, we are still together.

The Joy Luck Club Essay Example for Free

The Joy Luck Club Essay The Joy Luck Club is a story of a monthly mah-jong gathering whose members consists of four Chinese mothers with American-born daughters. The novel is narrated by the four mothers and their daughters. At these meetings, the mothers share their concern of the growing rift between their daughters and Chinese customs. Each mother shares her story of her life in China and each daughter tells her story about her life in America. In The Joy Luck Club, the consistent conflict is formulated from the cultural and ideological clash between the mothers and daughters. Tensions arise out of the struggle to adapt to the American way of life when old customs are expected to be honored. Communications between both sides are limited, and from this, they all struggle with the expectations that they have for each other. Amy Tans novel provides the reader the perspectives from two vastly different worlds the conflicts the mothers faced and how the Chinese values conflict with American values in the lives of the daughters. In Amy Tans novel, the mother is shown struggling with adapting to the American way of life, while the daughters try and honor the old Chinese customs. The mothers constantly criticize their daughters and always expect their daughters to respect and honor their choice. The mothers relate their past to their daughter, so that they may realize the struggle they had faced. The mothers wish for the daughter to live a better life than the one she had back in China is revealed in the conversation between the Chinese woman and her swan on her journey to America in the novels first prologue. Her wish: In America I will have a daughter just like me. But over there nobody will say her worth is measured by the loudness of her husbands belch. Over there nobody will look down on her, because I will make her speak only perfect English. And over there she will always be too full to swallow any sorrow! this shows that the mother only wishes for her daughter to have a promising and not face any hardships (The Joy Luck Club, 17). The mothers prospects for her daughter are the very reason that tension arises between the mother and daughter. The Chinese way consists of not expressing ones desires, not speaking up, and not making choices. The American way consists of exercising choices and speaking up for oneself. This Chinese custom was vigorously expressed throughout the novel as the mothers told their stories about forced marriage, war experience, the love and longing for a mother, and sacrifice. All these were causes of not speaking up for themselves and making their lives the way they wanted. Shame was also another tradition that had to be followed. Control of the children (in Chinese and Japanese families) was maintained by nurturing feelings of shame and guilt. The mothers tried to teach their daughters of these ways and the culture of the Chinese people but resulted in a different manner than expected. The daughters see their lives in a different perspective. Regardless of shame and surrounding, the daughters would openly disrespect their mother and feel justified for doing so. They try and follow the American society, while struggling to maintain their Chinese heritage, through the heavy influence of their mothers. The daughters do not realize why their mothers pressure them so much. They feel that their mothers never look up to them or respect their choices. The American daughters are alien to Chinese culture as much as they are to their mother`s uncanny, Chinese ways of thinking. Part of that society would be a Language barrier, which causes restriction of the mother understanding her daughter and vice versa. While the daughters, all born in America, entirely adapt to the customs and language of the new land, the immigrant mothers still hold onto those of China. The mothers capability of speaking English is limited to that of their daughters. The daughters assume that the mothers are not as educated as they are, for their inability to speak and express themselves in English. The Joy Luck Club mothers can feel their daughter’s impression on them when they see their daughters growing impatient every time they speak Chinese; they think their daughters perceive them as being stupid because of their incapability of speaking fluent English. The language barrier that existed between them was such that both mother and daughter imperfectly translated each other words and meanings. The mothers attempted to communicate by taking classes, hand gestures and sometimes even asking their daughter to translate on their behalf. Lena St. Clairs mother has trouble expressing herself in English. She married an English speaking man, but he expected her to learn English, while he himself put no effort in learning Chinese. In her desperate attempt, she would use hand gestures and expressed her emotions through exerting them. Most of the time the husband would not understand her and would assume what she would say but the daughter was capable of translating but could not speak the language. Because of this, Lena defines her mother as a displaced person who has difficulties expressing herself in English. In this dilemma the mothers were not capable of teaching their daughters why Chinese thinking is best. Stress and frustration would accumulate from the misunderstanding and failure of understanding one another. The mother always expected the daughter to know what she was trying to get across but the mothers could not put their thoughts into words. As a result, the daughters often felt justified in believing that their mothers had nothing worthwhile to say. When the mother talks about the American ways, the daughter is willing to listen; when the mother shows her Chinese ways, the daughter ignores her. The mother is thus unable to teach her daughter the Chinese ways of obeying parents, of listening to the mother`s mind, of hiding her thoughts, of knowing her own worth without becoming vain. On the other hand, the daughters would always feel that their mothers were trying hard to make them another version of themselves. The mothers failed to realize that the daughters did put exceptional work into trying to understand their mothers. The daughters would listen and try to emotionally attach themselves through conversations with their mothers but the mothers, took matter into their own hands and tried to show their superiority. When the story is being told from a daughter’s point of view, the mother always speaks in incorrect English. This highlights the distance between the younger and older generations, as the mothers and daughters frequently misinterpret or misunderstand each other. A prime example is when Waverly confuses Taiyuan, her mother’s birthplace, with Taiwan, which is a different place altogether. The mother loudly corrects her, causing any chance of communication between her and her daughter to halt because Waverly upset with her mothers lack of recognizing the attempt that her daughter had put in to try and relate to her. The daughters realize and acknowledge to themselves, the fact that they lack any solid communication with their mothers and realize that this is what is causing them to drift apart from their roots. They also see this as to why their mothers are always trying so hard to compromise for their daughters by talking to them in English so that they may grasp at least the basics of the Chinese customs. The mothers influence is shown as a force that drives the daughter to always live her life in the approval of her mother and state of constantly trying to please. The mother demands for her daughter to obey her, and the mothers always have a response or answer for every situation her daughter faces. The mothers in the novel, struggle to keep their daughters to rise to expectations. They always wanted their daughters to be the best and strived toward their excellence. The Chinese mothers were taught that regardless of the circumstance, the mothers’ wishes must always be fulfilled. As with Jing-Meis mother wanted her to become any form of child prodigy, like Waverly, but Jing-Mei failed to rise to her mothers expectation, even after all the dedication and tests her mother prepares for her. In the mothers’ childhood, there was no talking back to your mother, in an essences, the daughter was to soon be like her mother (a reflection of her mother). They tried to teach this to their daughter but also involving the American standards, which did not mix to well. The American way was of freedom and choice, which the mothers wanted but to accomplish that, the daughters would have to move away from the Chinese standards, since choice was not permitted. The mothers only wanted the best quality life for her daughter and for her daughter to grow in an environment of less hardship. I wanted my children to have the best combination: American circumstances and Chinese character. How could I know these things do not mix? (The Joy Luck Club, 254). The mothers influence cast a shadow on their daughter’s life. The daughters always felt that their mother would not approve and therefore, felt they were a disappointment to their mothers. In some cases, the daughter would open ly tell her mother that the mother had wished for another daughter. In Waverlys situation, she felt her mother always put a black spot where there was once white. Her life was not according to her mothers teachings. She was divorced and had a child. She was now dating a man, not of Chinese decent. As a token of love he had given her a fur coat that she loved so dearly. Looking at the coat in the mirror, I couldnt fend off the strength of her will anymore, her ability to make me see black where there was once white, white where there was once black. The coat looked shabby, an imitation of romance. (The Joy Luck Club, 169). The daughters only wanted their mother to see what they saw and to understand that Chinese customs, superstitions and culture, was not easily accepted in America. Jing-Mei, the daughter of a deceased mother, could not please her mother when she was alive because of her reluctance in becoming someone she was not. She tried her best, when her mother arranged special tests, to see where her daughter’s strengths were and potential areas of Jing-Mei could become a prodigy in. All Jing-Mei had left to say was, that parents shouldnt criticize children. They should encourage instead. You know, people rise to other peoples expectations. And when you criticize, it just means youre expecting failure. Thats the trouble, my mother said. You never rise. Lazy to get up. Lazy to rise to expectations. (The Joy Luck Club, 31). Because the there is a distance between the mother and daughter, the daughters try to push away from their mother clutch and become their own woman. The daughters want to grab the traditional sons position, to move out of the home and into the workplace, to climb the ladder of success. The daughters, by the end of the novel come to realize that no matter how hard they try to avoid their mothers, they all contain a heavy portion of their Chinese heritage; alongside they discover that they are very much like their mothers. Amy Tans novel has a sense of truth about mother/daughter relationships, when the daughter is born of another country and the mother of another. They grieve as they discuss how their daughters are unwilling to take their Chinese heritage, have forgotten the roots of their culture and language, and have changed their family structures. However, the daughters only wish that their mothers would not suppress them and see their side of the story. In the end, the mothers could not change their values to those of America and the daughters could not change their values to those of China, and in trying to do so, they created a clash and conflict in their relationships.

Research on Piagets Developmental Psychology Theory

Research on Piagets Developmental Psychology Theory The great contribution of Jean Piaget on developmental psychology is undoubtedly. However, in the past 30 years, there are a number of study criticism his suggestion, which the infant younger than six months do not have the permanent object concept. What follows is a discussion of examining when infant would acquire object concept. First, it will explain the proposition of Piaget on this topic. Then, it will examine Bower’s study which challenges and questions Piaget’s claim of the object concept. After that, it will focus on Baillargeon’s study and found out the flaw and weakness of her study by different recent research. Finally, it will draw a conclusion on the topic. In 60s, Jean Piaget suggested the theory of cognitive development. In Piaget (1963), he started to investigate the age when the infants acquire object permanence. He considers object permanence as the most vital accomplishments. This concept makes human can separate different objects and know permanent existence of an object (Piaget, 1963). Which mean under the object concept human could understand each object is unitary entities and exist independently of third party actions (Piaget, 1963). Piaget suggested that infant younger than 8 month still did not acquire the object permanence concept (Piaget, 1963). In these infant’s mind, an object out of sight is out of mind. Piaget thought that 4–8 months infant start to develop a object concept slowly and gradually on this stage. Also, during this stage they are having a transition from egocentric (just using self-to-object view) to allocentric (could use object-to-object view) (Piaget, 1963). The main changes in this transi tion is that the infant start to use a viewpoint of a third person or object and seen themselves as an independent object. In Piaget’s Blanket and Ball Study, he put a toy under a blanket, meanwhile the infant can watch the whole process (Piaget, 1977). Then observe infant searched for the hidden toy or not. This experiment, Piaget define that if the infant succeeds to discover the hidden toy, then it was an evidence of object permanence (Piaget, 1977). Since he assumed that only the infant had a mental representation can search for a hidden toy. In the result, he found that infant around 8-months-old succeeds to search for the hidden toy (Piaget, 1977). Finally, he concludes that infant around 8 months acquired object permanence, due to they can form a mental representation of the object in their brain. Although Piaget‘s research got a high level of reliability (Harris, 1987), there is a lack of explanation for why the rest of infant (before 8 month) fails in the experiment (Mehler Dupoux, 1994). Diamond (1988) found that the prefrontal cortex of human is related to holding representation in memory and motor response. Base on this finding, Mehler Dupoux (1994) suggested that the infants who fail to search imply rather than the absence of an object concept. They may have an inability to coordinate the movements. Which mean if the research constructs a task that without complex motor demands, it may examine object permanence in the infant who younger than 8 months more accurately. In the study of Bower (1966; 1967), he has used a violation of expectation (VOE) paradigm to examine it. Bower gave object occlusion and reveal events in infant to watch. Some of them were possible (object slowly hidden by another) and some impossible (object slowly dissolving) (Bower, 1966). Bower t hrough measure the changes in heart rate of infant to indicate the differences of their reaction to two events. Then through the response to infer a degree of object permanence in eight weeks old infant. However, there had a confounding effect of novelty in infant which the researcher was not noticed before the experiment (Bower, 1967). As the result, infant just interest in the possible event not impossible event. Whereas the confounding factor, it could not draw any interpretation from the data but it construct a VOE experimental framework to the latter study. After that Bower, Broughton and Moore (1971) kept investigating the topic by using tracking tasks to 20 week-old infants. They leaded the infant track a moving object and recorded the result as it approached and passed behind a blocker. They found that the gaze of infants were disrupted when after the object pass through the blocker and switch to a different one. It implied that infants have an expectation of the original object would emerge again but disrupts by the experiment. In the other word, a 20 week-old infants may also have ability of object permanence and persistent internal representation. Their finding totally contradicted to Piaget theory. After on, Bower and Wishart (1972) used 20 week-old infants again to take part in the experiment which leaded the infants track the object and it will occlude, darkening the room. The result showed the infants continued to track for the object on the trajectory. It supported the result of Bower et al (1971) and continues challenging Piaget’s belief. In 80s, a researcher Baillargeon done a series of studies and experiment to criticize Piaget’s theory. Baillargeon, Spelke and Wasserman (1985) utilize VOE within a habituation method to examine infant’s mental ability. Habituation is assumed to count as the infants start looking away due to loss of interest. Two equivalent test events are shown to them based on the first habituation event. One was consistent with object properties (the possible event), and the other one was not (the impossible event) (Baillargeon et al, 1985). It is vital to note that they also assumed different degrees of dishabituation were indicated by the length of looking time between the test events. Then, of degrees of dishabituation to infer about infants’ object concept. Baillargeon et al (1985) constructed a ‘drawbridge study’ to test the 5 months old infants. For the habituation event, the drawbridge rotated through 180 ° itself. In the test event, a coloured block was placed behind the drawbridge, then, the drawbridge rotated backward to the block. For the possible event, the drawbridge normally stopped at a place which the block supported it. For the impossible event, the drawbridge continue to rotate and pass through the space that occupied by the block. For these events, the drawbridge finally rotate reversed to its original position. In their finding, a youngest 14 week infants had a longer looking time at the impossible event (Baillargeon et al, 1985). Furthermore, the result had appeared several times in the latter study and confirmed by using a variety of stimuli (Baillargeon 1986; Baillargeon Graber, 1987; Baillargeon DeVos, 1991). As above explain. Baillargeon using the dishabituation result on the impossible event to int erpret infants were surprised by the event and imply infants have an expectations about the normal rule of objects. Then, Baillargeon drew a conclusion that these inferences proved infants have a permanent object concept which substantially earlier than 8 month (Piaget’s claim). However, there also lots of study found some flaw of Baillargeon’s study and criticise it. On the research of Bogartz, Shinskey and Speaker (1997), they found a confounding factor on Baillargeon Graber (1987) study, indicated there could have some missed stimulus features on infant’s gaze when habituating. As the consequence, it would increase the attraction of an impossible event and confound to the experimental result (Bogartz et al, 1997). Other criticisms about Baillargeon’s study suggest by Rivera, Wakeley and Langer (1999). They discovered that the habituation event and the impossible event of the Baillargeon’s ‘drawbridge’ studies, both event were scored longer gazing time. They interpreted that infants just prefer the event which involveed more movement and that would gain more attention of infants (remark: impossible event has 180 ° rotation and possible event only has 112 °) (Rivera et al, 1999). Also, Bogartz et al and Rivera et al both found the incompleteness of some VOE experimental designs which were replicating the VOE findings of (Wang, Baillargeon and Brueckner’s, 2004) were without habituation trials. They argued that it is important to complete a habituating events before testing event to produce transient preferences. Furthermore, in the recent Baillargeon’s study, she acknowledged that her interpretation of her own VOE researches were having some flaw and may be plausible. Due to the development of science was progressing quickly, the method of measuring cognitive thinking also progressed which bring a severe challenge to Baillargeon’s inference. Schà ¶ner and Thelen (2006) constructed the habituation and VOE task base on a dynamic field model. By their method, did not need to invoke any kind of symbolic mental representation. They just utilized the dynamic field model on modelling Baillargeon’s drawbridge’ studies and VOE tasks and treated it as â€Å"a series of perceptual events subject to basic habituation dynamicsâ€Å"(Schà ¶ner Thelen, 2006; p.289). They suggested that assumptions of Baillargeon’s VOE paradigms were misleading and oversimplify the dynamics of habituation in significant which mean there were many interactions of variables were not accounted. Such as they found an order effect on VOE experiment (done by Baillargeon, 1987) when presented the impossible stimulus in order of the second. Therefore it w as unable to use Baillargeon’s study to interpret about infant’s object concept and acquire it at which stage. Although Schà ¶ner and Thelen’s model seemto overturn the result of all pervious VOE studies, some point should be pay attention. First, at the very beginning the dynamic field model is just a mathematical abstraction and it originally was designed for measuring cognitive thinking. Second, when Schà ¶ner and Thelen (2006) model Baillargeon’s study, they had assumed that the impossible event was more similar to the habituation event. Finally, they did not solve the problem of stimulus equivalence in VOE experiment. In this paper, it has explained how Piaget interprets infant cognitive thinking and how they perceive the world and how they process the visual information. Then, it examined the view of different developmental psychologist research, mainly from Bower and Baillargeon. Finally, through a modern perceptive of Schà ¶ner Thelen criticise Baillargeon’s study. However, in the last this paper still cannot draw a conclusion about at what age the infant would acquire object concept. Since scientists still do not have a method that could directly read infant’s or humans mind. If the researcher continues using some indirect method such as habituation VOE and interpretation of infant’s object concept. There are usually having some flaw because in the process of interpreting, it may involve certain extend of guessing (e.g in Baillargeon’s drawbridge’ studies, she observed dishabituation, then she guessed the infant was surprised, then guessed infant might have object concept.) Therefore, in this paper cannot find an exact answer to the topic question. References Baillargeon, R, Graber, M. (1987). Where’s the Rabbit? 5.5-Month-Old Infants’ Representations of the Height of a Hidden Object. Cognitive Development, 2, 375-392. Baillargeon, R. DeVos, J. (1991). Object Permanence in Young Infants: Further Evidence. ChildDevelopment, 62, 1227-1246. Baillargeon, R. (1986). Representing the Existence and the Location of Hidden Objects: Object Permanence in 6- and 8-Month-Old Infants. Cognition, 23, 21-41. Baillargeon, R., Spelke, E.S. Wasserman, S. (1985). Object Permanence in Five-Month-Old Infants. Cognition, 20, 191-208. Bogartz, R.S., Shinskey, J.L. Speaker, C.J. (1997). Interpreting Infant Looking: The Event Set x Event Set Design. Developmental Psychology, 33, 408-422. Bower, T.G.R. Wishart, J.G. (1972). The Effects of Motor Skill on Object Permanence. Cognition, 1, 165-172. Bower, T.G.R. (1966). The Visual World of Infants. Scientific American, 215, 80-92. Bower, T.G.R. (1967). The Development of Object Permanence: Some Studies of Existence Constancy. Perception Psychophysics, 2, 411-418. Bower, T.G.R., Broughton, J.M. Moore, M.K. (1971). Development of the Object Concept as Manifested in the Tracking Behaviour of Infants Between 7 and 20 Weeks of Age. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 11, 182-193.Developmental Science, 12, 670-679. Diamond, A. (1988). Abilities and neural mechanisms underlying AB performance. Child Development, 523-527.Evidence from Violation of Expectation Tasks with Test Trials Only. Cognition, 23, 167-198. Harris, P.L. (1987). The Development of Search. In P.Salapatek L.B.Cohen (Eds.) â€Å"Handbook ofInfant Perception. Vol. 2†. New York NY, Academic Press. Jackson, I. Sirois, S. (2009). Infant Cognition: Going Full Factorial with Pupil Dilation. Mehler, J. Dupoux, E. (1994). What Infants Know: The New Cognitive Science of Early Development. Oxford, Blackwell. Piaget, J. (1963). The Psychology of Intelligence. Totowa, New Jersey: Littlefield Adams. Piaget, J. (1977). The role of action in the development of thinking (pp. 17-42). Springer US. Rivera, S.M., Wakeley, A. Langer, J. (1999). The Drawbridge Phenomenon: Representational Reasoning or Perceptual Preference? Developmental Psychology, 35, 427-435. Schà ¶ner, G. Thelen, E. (2006). Using Dynamic Field Theory to Rethink Infant Habituation. Psychological Review, 113, 273-299. Wang, S-h., Baillargeon, R. Brueckner, L. (2004). Young Infants’ Reasoning About Hidden Objects:

Changes vs. Improvements :: Social Issues Government Essays

Changes vs. Improvements Intolerance, war, inequality and poverty - these are just a few of the issues found in the texts that we have read this semester. Even though some of them were written hundreds of years ago, the same problems still exist in our world today. Many things have changed over time, but they have not necessarily improved. Today, we are still involved in wars and violence with our continued presence in Iraq, Afghanistan and other foreign countries. We still persecute the poor by raising taxes and cutting funds to the programs like Medicaid and Welfare, while making it easier on the upper classes. We are very intolerant of the practices and beliefs of others whether it is homosexuality, different religious beliefs or opinions on abortion. Most of these issues have been problems in the past, and unless we do something to change them, they will continue to be problems in the future. There is no better place to find examples of today’s social problems than the newspaper. In the April 15 issue of the Creightonian, the April 14 and April 18 issues of the Omaha World Herald there were an abundance of articles about problems today. Despite the fact that writers and other artists were dealing with them hundreds of years ago, these problems are still on the forefront in today’s society. In the Omaha World Herald, there were many articles related to war. They were primarily about the involvement of the United States in Iraq. In one, it referred to a kidnapped American man and how he was videotaped at gunpoint, holding his passport to his chest and apparently pleading the U.S. to withdraw its troops from Iraq. In response, President George Bush’s spokesman said, â€Å"Our position is well-known when it comes to negotiating.† This seems to be a prime example of the idea of â€Å"One man, or many?† meaning it is better to sacrifice the life of this one man rather than risk the lives of many. This makes the Bush administration seem cold and heartless and shows our stubbornness when it comes to leaving Iraq. Instances like this reaffirm that it will undoubtedly take a major event for us to exit their country. Another article from the Omaha World Herald was about keeping U.S. troops in Afghanistan.

Financial Accounting Essay -- Business and Management Studies:

Financial Accounting Financial accounting or ‘book-keeping’ is the process of recording financial transactions from the day-to-day operation of a business. The sale of goods to a customer and the subsequent settlement of the debt are two examples of financial transactions. Sales Accounting When credit sales are made to customers, a record needs to be kept of amounts owing and paid. Payment is normally requested with an invoice. An invoice usually gives details of goods supplied, quantities, prices and VAT. Credit sales are usually made on weekly a basis, which means that the customer has to pay within that period to obtain the discounts, if any offered. Overdue payments need to be chased, so sales accounting systems normally produce reports analysing the indebtedness of different customers. Debt control is vital to business profitability and computerised systems can produce prompt and up-to-date reports as a by-product of the main application. Human Resources --------------- The human resources (personnel) function is responsible for the selection (usually by interview), recruitment, training and development of staff. Personnel records on employees will store all the information needed by Salaries and Wages to make the correct payments to employees; this will include details of, for example, gross salary, tax code, statutory sick pay and holiday entitlement. Depending on the size of the organisation, information may also be held concerning: qualifications, courses attended; and career development plans. Design ------ The design function is present where an organisation develops its own products and services; a trader who simply buys and sells goods has no need of a design team unless designing logo’s etc which maybe carried out by another firm. Design is part of the research and development (R&D) function, which is vital to organisations wishing to radically develop their product range. The nature of design teams depends on the product or service being designed. The skills and talents of a car design team are clearly very different from those of a team designing a cover for a magazine. Production Markets for a business’s products should ideally, drive the production function. In other words, it should be geared to produce the necessary mix and quantities of products required by customers. If goods ar... ...ons need specialist staff to develop, introduce, maintain and update the various systems that make use of information technology. The responsibilities of ICT Services are much broader than those traditional held by wholly centralised computer services or data processing departments because communication is a larger part of IT with the introduction of the internet and E-mail amongst other things.. The development of cheaper and more powerful microcomputer systems has resulted in computer facilities being distributed more widely. For this reason, ICT Services needs to provide a much more flexible service and support user systems at the point of use. For example, uses of network workstations need support when equipment, such as a shared printer, breaks down or they may require help in the use of software on the network. This contrasts with a centralised department, which holds all the computer equipment, carries out all computer processing and restricts user access to specialised applications, run through dedicated terminals. ICT Services may be known variously as Computer Services, Management Information Services or less commonly now, the Data Processing Department.

The Possible Secrecy of UFOs :: Unidentified Flying Objects Aliens Essays

The Possible Secrecy of UFOs Unidentified flying objects, or UFOs, are one of the most controversial mysteries known to mankind. From ancient to present times, unidentified objects have been seen in the sky by millions of people. The question is, of course, what is it that we are seeing in our skies? Are they foreign spacecrafts from distant planets, merely Air Force experiments, or only our imagination? Many people believe that extraterrestrial life is existent and far more advanced then us. Conversely, many believe that aliens are just figments of our optimistic imaginations. What about our governments? Are they hiding vital information from us, the citizens of the world, in belief that we are better off not knowing the truth? Countless government employees have continually denied allegations of UFOs being in contact with our planet. Then again, many of these officials have also allegedly taken part in UFO cover-ups and seen flying saucers ­ for themselves. Is there some huge conspiracy, or are there only at tention-hungry people who wish to be in the spotlight? Arguments are incredibly strong for both sides. There is an excessive amount of information which could lead one to assume that UFOs are fiction, yet there is also an abundant amount of evidence which suggests that UFOs are in fact out there. What, and who, are we to believe? I. On September 1, 1859, Richard Carrington, a renowned astronomer of his time, saw two luminous bodies that he said were not meteors flying through the air (Lore 53). Nine years later at Radcliffe Observatory in Oxford, many astronomers witnessed a luminous object that moved quickly across the sky, stopped, changed course to the west, then to the south, where it hovered for four minutes. Then it headed toward the north. (Lore 53) UFOs. What are they, and where do they come from? Unidentified flying objects, or UFOs, are one of the worldÆ’Â ­s oldest and most intriguing mysteries. UFOs are commonly called flying saucers ­, which the American Heritage Dictionary defines as any of various unidentified flying objects typically reported and described as luminous discs (272). Esteemed Idaho businessman Kenneth Arnold coined the phrase flying saucer ­ when in June of 1947 he saw saucer-shaped discs flying over the Cascade Mountains. It was in this year that these unidentified flying object sightings began to escalate. About one month after Arnold saw these objects in the sky the incident at Roswell occurred.

Literary Analysis †the Road Not Taken

Literary Analysis – The Road Not Taken Shannon Eads Carradine ENG 125 Instructor Allen March 11, 2013 Choices. Each and every one of us makes choices in our everyday life. We may not always make the right choice, but we learn and grow from the wrong ones. That is what life is all about; choices. In Robert Frost’s poem, The Road Not Taken, he reflects on life’s choices. â€Å"Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both/And be one traveler, long I stood† (Clugston, 2010).I am very familiar with this poem; one that I have known since childhood. I did not know it at the time what my great-grandmother was trying to express to me about this poem, but as I aged it became more and more apparent to me; she was trying to teach me about life and making the right choices. The tone of this poem is of ambiguous deliberation; meaning that the speaker (persona) is deep in thought pondering on which path he or she should take and whether or not i t is and will be the right path.The tone really sets the mood right from the beginning and flows well until the last stanza when it states: â€Å"I shall be telling this with a sigh† (Clugston, 2010). Although the speaker (persona) will be sighing when he or she tells the story of this important life decision, it is not a sigh of regret; it is a sigh of happiness. Although my great-grandmother read this poem to me in my childhood years, I have never actually read the poem myself. I was amazed at how this poem kept me intrigued and wanting to read it. This is very hard for me to do; wanting to read.So, I will say it did its job, so to speak. Frost starts the poem with: â€Å"Two roads diverged in a yellow wood† (Clugston, 2010). The two roads diverged symbolizes there are two different choices or paths; while in a yellow wood symbolizes the aging of the person. With that being said, taking the one less traveled by means that the speaker (persona) chose the best path for him or her at that time in their life. For it states in the poem: â€Å"And that has made all the difference† (Clugston, 2010) leads me to believe that he did indeed choose he right path for him or herself. The second stanza of this poem is full of contradiction. If one is just as fair as the other then how can one be a better claim than the other? And if both paths have been worn about the same, then why was the â€Å"better claimed† path grassy and in need of wear? Then again in the first line of the third stanza states: â€Å"And both that morning equally lay† (Clugston, 2010). This was very confusing to me because I could not figure out the concept of that idea and why the contradiction.It is almost as if the speaker (persona) is weighing his or her options and having problems in choosing a path. Although my great-grandmother read this poem to me in my childhood years, I have never actually read the poem myself. I was amazed at how this poem kept me intrigu ed and wanting to read it. This is very hard for me to do; wanting to read. So, I will say it did its job, so to speak. I believe I may have a whole new outlook on reading and may be able to let myself go on a journey inside some form of literature; more than music or television. I love this poem!It has the feeling of great knowledge; when we choose the right path in life, we will live in happiness. I often set back and reflect on all of the choices I have made in my life, but still wonder sometimes if it was the right choice for me at that particular moment. I believe we all, at some point in our life, ponder on that imaginative question, â€Å"What if? † Life is all about choices and making the right choice does make all the difference. Reference: Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey Into Literature. Bridgepoint Education Inc. , San Diego, CA: Retrieved from content. ashford. edu Literary Analysis – the Road Not Taken Literary Analysis – The Road Not Taken Shannon Eads Carradine ENG 125 Instructor Allen March 11, 2013 Choices. Each and every one of us makes choices in our everyday life. We may not always make the right choice, but we learn and grow from the wrong ones. That is what life is all about; choices. In Robert Frost’s poem, The Road Not Taken, he reflects on life’s choices. â€Å"Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both/And be one traveler, long I stood† (Clugston, 2010).I am very familiar with this poem; one that I have known since childhood. I did not know it at the time what my great-grandmother was trying to express to me about this poem, but as I aged it became more and more apparent to me; she was trying to teach me about life and making the right choices. The tone of this poem is of ambiguous deliberation; meaning that the speaker (persona) is deep in thought pondering on which path he or she should take and whether or not i t is and will be the right path.The tone really sets the mood right from the beginning and flows well until the last stanza when it states: â€Å"I shall be telling this with a sigh† (Clugston, 2010). Although the speaker (persona) will be sighing when he or she tells the story of this important life decision, it is not a sigh of regret; it is a sigh of happiness. Although my great-grandmother read this poem to me in my childhood years, I have never actually read the poem myself. I was amazed at how this poem kept me intrigued and wanting to read it. This is very hard for me to do; wanting to read.So, I will say it did its job, so to speak. Frost starts the poem with: â€Å"Two roads diverged in a yellow wood† (Clugston, 2010). The two roads diverged symbolizes there are two different choices or paths; while in a yellow wood symbolizes the aging of the person. With that being said, taking the one less traveled by means that the speaker (persona) chose the best path for him or her at that time in their life. For it states in the poem: â€Å"And that has made all the difference† (Clugston, 2010) leads me to believe that he did indeed choose he right path for him or herself. The second stanza of this poem is full of contradiction. If one is just as fair as the other then how can one be a better claim than the other? And if both paths have been worn about the same, then why was the â€Å"better claimed† path grassy and in need of wear? Then again in the first line of the third stanza states: â€Å"And both that morning equally lay† (Clugston, 2010). This was very confusing to me because I could not figure out the concept of that idea and why the contradiction.It is almost as if the speaker (persona) is weighing his or her options and having problems in choosing a path. Although my great-grandmother read this poem to me in my childhood years, I have never actually read the poem myself. I was amazed at how this poem kept me intrigu ed and wanting to read it. This is very hard for me to do; wanting to read. So, I will say it did its job, so to speak. I believe I may have a whole new outlook on reading and may be able to let myself go on a journey inside some form of literature; more than music or television. I love this poem!It has the feeling of great knowledge; when we choose the right path in life, we will live in happiness. I often set back and reflect on all of the choices I have made in my life, but still wonder sometimes if it was the right choice for me at that particular moment. I believe we all, at some point in our life, ponder on that imaginative question, â€Å"What if? † Life is all about choices and making the right choice does make all the difference. Reference: Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey Into Literature. Bridgepoint Education Inc. , San Diego, CA: Retrieved from content. ashford. edu

Explain the Impacts the Vietnam War Had on Soldiers Essay

The Vietnam was a warfare bid no opposite and the nature of the scrap in this war had great impacts on the soldiers. At this time, communism was seen as a great threat, especi entirelyy by westward countries, and so extreme emphasis was de shapeined on the domino theory that when whiz country falls to communism, others would follow and that before defence would be the only solution to this issue.Also during this time, Vietnam was artificially split into the communist S turn outh, take by Ho khi Min who defeated and drove out the French, and the government led sulfur, which was in the major power of Diem who was clearly corrupt and had little supporters so the facing pages of communism was quite likely. In response, American and Australian troops were direct to date for the South and stop this spread of communism merely at that place were umteen another(prenominal) a(prenominal) trouble roughlyies. Firstly, the soldiers faced very inhumane and difficult struggle conditions. War itself is gruesome tho in Vietnam, the conditions were different and in some ways, it was worse.The terrain was difficult since it is do up of circulate rice paddies, dense jungles and steep ranges that were fill with small villages containing civilians who were had to avoid. Also, the guerilla warfare made it hard for soldiers to identify the confrontation since attacks may come from anybody, including normal civilians such as young children or til now the venerable. The issues come to werent straightforward and both sides were fighting to convince the pot that they had their best interests at heart but the Americans and Australians were seen as invaders with a clumsy fighting style and were seen as supporting the corrupt regime of the South. either these conditions impacted the soldiers negatively beca physical exercise they were disadvantaged they had to fight in conditions that seemed to be unjust and against what they work been taught, causing galore (postnominal) of the soldiers to question their map and also savouring deep in thought(p) and broken with the nature of the fighting and also because their actions arent even supported by the people they we fighting for and the people at inhabitancy due to a social revolution. This ca employ soldiers to feel cheated but also feel as if they let the people down.This impact on the soldiers is significant because it was through this that led to other long-term issues. Also from the fighting, soldiers were physically impacted. homogeneous in any war, legion(predicate) soldiers would impart their wellness impacted by a vast range of circumstances. Many had wounds of discordant degrees that were caused by numerous explosions from bombs, shelling and landmines as well as from gunshots or brief shrapnel that affected many parts of the body, handicapping soldiers. Also, the landmines used were very serious.If they did not cause death, the injuries caused by these were extremely sev ere and terrible, as soldiers would flake out a leg or even both legs due to this. Soldiers were also undecided to a strong chemical cognize as Agent Orange, whose original use was to kill jungle growth so that the enemy could be revealed, but there were many serious long term effects as a resolution of this which included nervous conditions, many forms of cancer, and inheritable deformations which led to malformations of children conceived after the war, and continued on into future generations.So as a result of the fighting in Vietnam, many soldiers were impacted physically. Furthermore, the soldiers experienced extreme psychological problems. Due to the brutal nature of the war, soldiers finish up and were forced to kill many seemingly innocent civilians. This is against what many of the soldiers cute and what they were taught instead of cleaning the ferocious enemy armies like what their fathers experienced, young children, helpless mothers and the elderly became the vic tims, which seemed very wrong.This has led to various complex emotions, comprising mainly of guilt guilt for killing the innocent and guilt for letting the South Vietnamese down after promising them so much and leaving them remiss in the end. In addition, soldiers would have lost many of their friends in battle but also returned to a home that has been changed by a social revolution (hippie movement) that resented war so instead of returning as heroes for fighting for their country, the soldiers were only quietly brought top and were isolated.As a result of all this, the veterans faced many mental health problems such as depression, schizophrenia, nightmares that eventually led to high suicide rates and many other social problems. In conclusion, many of the soldiers who went and fought in the Vietnam war neer rattling returned they have been through and experienced so many horrors and physical, mental and social pain, that they neer really blended in with their decree at hom e anymore and never really regained what they had before the war again.

The Female Prototype: Formal Analysis of Wangechi Mutu’s

The adult femalehoodish Prototype Formal Analysis of Wangechi Mutus critical tide rip fiber As you walk up the cold, concrete steps, it looms above you, intimidating and inviting all at the same time. A wall of windows gives you an intimate peep before entering, with reveal drapeing likewise much, heightening the anticipation. A pair of small, rotating doors, portal you into some other world. The M giveum of present-day(a) artworks interior is vast and simplistic, leaving a grit that the building it egotism is detached from the wonder it holds inwardly its walls.Winding up the stairs and with the showrooms, the pieces just about buzz off to life against the stark white walls. Moving through Seeing Is a Kind of Thinking A Jim Nutt Companion, each section displays a theme to a greater extent controversial, and complex whence the next. Wangechi Mutus piddling crash Character, is modest, dismantle fine, among the many grotesque interprets surrounding it. Dark, mi srepresented bodies, riddled with wakeual innuendo, sometimes subtle, more oftentimes blunt, line the walls. Although petty Split Character, portrays the same thing, it does so gracefully, as opposed to its counter commences.Tiny Split Character shows the kind of a charr, reprobate, in an awkward, yet seductive pose. pip to her left, a tiny figure of a char muliebrityhood, who is distorted as well, is suspended in mid air, power point bent back, leg extended. The face of the little woman has a masculine feel, with an eerily large grinning slapped across it. Her pose and facial expression gives the sense of freedom, an almost c befree demeanor. Armless, breasts exposed, and stiletto heels complete this misshapen authority of female sexuality. The large woman looks at the little one with big, beautiful, eyes almost yearnly.Perhaps the tiny woman is a representation of what, and who, the larger woman wants to be. by chance even who she drill to be, before she became a victim to the exploitation and misrepresentation of woman in society. blistering lips are the only other human attribute enhancing her face. The larger woman is contrived with more oddities then her ideological interpretation. Gears and mechanical parts comprise her shoulders and part of her chest, showing the machine she has break down, but also showing readiness, and her indestructible record.Flowers adorn her, softening her machinery and warped carcass while showing a soft, feminine side, without subjugating it. A tattered, purple garment is the only thing cover charge her lower half, purple being the color of royalty. Her torso is nearly completely covered in holes. mayhap her facade is fading, or maybe she is literally move apart, finally dissolving under the constant rack and scrutiny. Her trunk is composed of a sickening potassium color, mayhap representing the sickness at her core. A unsoundness that is consuming her and other women alike.Wangechi Mutu has sa id that, Females carry the marks, phrase and nuances of their culture more than the male. Anything that is desired or despise is always placed on the female dust, (Kerr par. 4). A red streak washes over her side, cascading from her waist, down her hip, and on to her thigh, idiomatic expressionuating her curves, and again playing up her sexuality. The finishing touch, manicured work force and stiletto heels. All this against a simple white land, night encroaching the top center and corners. Wangechi Mutu uses, magazine images of women and makes them almost monstrous.Her figures boast transplanted eyes that reckon besides large, too small, too far apart or too close to charterher to be human, (Croal par. 1). Tiny Split Character is an abstract piece of art, representing the female form. She selected indisputable aspects she saw and either exaggerated or highlighted them to get her message across. Politi examines how her creative process begins with accidental spattering tha t eventually build up layers of materials (par. 3). The artist chooses to use sheets of cut Mylar, a non-absorptive synthetic material (Roach par. ) on which she is able to manipulate ink and acrylic keys tactile property into splotches and colliding pools. Mutu sorts through mass-produced images of women and cuts them into fragments eyes, lips, manicured nails, and stiletto-clad feet (Roach par. 3) before she begins assembling her creations. Her cyborgs are finally able to come to life when she arranges them on the walls and floors of her studio. These painted forms usually depict the bodies, or body parts, of her abstract figures. After the bodies have been assembled Mutu accentuates this image with mixed elements such as jewels and lush paint alter (Macsweeney par. ). Mutus use of unlikely elements gives the women in the image the effect of a glamorous, yet barbaric centerfold. In fact, Mutus gruesome gods and goddesses are born out of her chaotic process (Politi par. 2). The b lack shading on the top of the picture almost gives the illusion of the women as a light source, as her grisly forms seem to be almost glowing against the darkness. This highlighting the stereotypes and upbraiding a woman must endure on a day to day basis. The artists inconsistent layering patterns further stress the conflicting factors of the questionable perfect body.The use of a collage allows Mutu to scheme the audience physically and conceptually by employ layered depth within her artwork. She attempts to trap her viewers with layers of visual metaphors that force them to question assumptions about race, gender, geography, chronicle and ravisher (Croal par. 1). As an artist, she strives to break down the barriers that are meant to smother the progress of women in society. Mutus obscure characters are composed of numerous elements that represent, overrule, and reconfigure each potential flunk that relate to the expected role of women (Murnik par. ). The artist decides t o depict women in this manner in hopes of integrating strength and revision into her pieces of art so that the previous sensing of women is no longer quintessential. Tiny Split Characters accent colors tie into the overall color scheme. Mutus visual elements which are mainly that of earth tones and complementary color colors, as she uses yellow, purple, red, and green at different intensities. At the same time it slew be considered some analagous as the colors range from red-orange, to orange, to yellow-orange.The same goes for her use ranging from green to purple. Her use of color gives the overall tone of a simple yet enchanting creature. Something that is twain innate and manmade. This idea is supported by her founding of gears and other machinery in the picture. It represents the contradiction and dualistic nature of women. On one hand thither is our natural self. On the other there is what society says we should be and what society says we should look like. Women are torn , between who they genuinely are, and who they are pressured to become.Perhaps there is a way that the woman portrayed in Tiny Split Character can sense of balance the two. What Mutu is trying to show is that there is a way, by expanding societies definition of beauty, so women can stay as pure and organic as they chose to be. In addition to color, Mutu uses texture through layering and collage in Tiny Split Character to ready visual interest and depth. Pattern can be seen as well with the repetitive holes engrossing the larger womans body. Mutu uses the principle of asymmetrical balance to dramatize the opposition between who the woman has become and who the woman use to be.However, despite the symmetry imbalance, they two seem to come together to make another separate whole. Insinuating a oneness between the two, that possibly the woman she was has never left, she has simply taken a back seat to the woman she is now. The blank background creates a lack of depth so that our fu rbish up focus is on the interpretation of the women in former of us. The hierarchal scale between the larger and smaller woman leads us to believe the smaller woman is a separate entity. One will course originally wonder who the smaller woman is in relation to the larger woman.Her size suggests that she is of less importance then the larger woman. Perhaps she is her conscience, maybe even the representation of her basic, animalistic, desires that are taunting her to do the premature thing. Upon further analysis of the picture, and taking account the title, Tiny Split Character, it is then that we realize that she is, in fact, a part of the larger woman. She is smaller because society has unceasingly belittled who she originally was, who she actually yearns to be. Media tells her that her former self is not as important as the reality image she is trying to maintain.Despite her downplay, without the smaller woman, the larger woman would not be whole. In conclusion, Wangechi Mutu s Tiny Split Character, is an homage to women everywhere. Its strikingly bizarre, and repelling design, destroys ideals and makes a mockery of female stereotypes. The Museum of Contemporary cunning has created a wonderful showcase with Seeing Is a Kind of Thinking, for it truly is. Mutu uses color, collage, balance, scale, texture, pattern, and depth that invokes wonder, amazement, and horror. Molds are broken, history and traditions evolve with Tiny Split Character.Mutus reorient image capitalizes on the contradictions of role expectations western media ideal, sex goddess, and natural woman. The images also allude to the repercussions of female exploitation. The longing to be who you truly are, along with the fact that women cannot mask their true selves forever are all elements of this beautiful masterpiece that so eloquently portrays a womans dilemma and strife. Bibliography Biography. Saatachi Gallery London Contemporary artistry Gallery. 2 Mar. 2011. Croal, Ada. The Afric ana QA Artist Wangechi Mutu Africana . 12 Feb. 2004. 8 inch 2011. Fong, P. Wangechi Mutu. Modern Painters Vol. 20 No. 4. whitethorn 2008. 12 March 2011 Gladstone, Barbara. Biography. Gladstone Gallery. unmapped Date. 16 March 2011. Kerr, Merrily. Wangechi Mutus Extreme Makeovers. Art on Paper, Vol. 8, No. 6.July/ August 2004. 21 March 2011. http//www. akrylic. com/contemporary_art_article73. htm Macsweeney, Eve. A Fertile Mind Vogue. Apr. 2009 190. Health acknowledgment Center Academic. Web. 22 Mar. 2011. Politi, G. Wangechi Mutu Exhibit. Flash Art (International Edition) Vol. 41 March/April 2008. 22 March 2011. Roach, Jill. Indepth Arts tidings. Absolute Arts. 16 Dec. 2005. 14 April 2011.

Patterns of migration Essay

You stretch forth replica/ paste the questions beneath to your stimulate in the buffsworthiness text file or you fannyister download this learning Here. enthr only turn turn outcome the undermenti nonpargonild questions and exact it as an assignment.1 repair migrationThe un tackable resettlement of residential buttocks.2 relieve the effect migrations return had on twain geographics and annalsIt has contri exclusivelyed to the growth and development of crystallize cultures, to the spreading of cultures by discussion and communication, and the multiform smorgasbord of flock and cultures fix in divergent regions of the humanness directly.3 escort that migration overtakes at variant scalesMigration female genital organ occur as intercontinental or interregional.4 relieve wherefore batch alteration their residential hole commonwealth change their residential mess because changes in feel cycle, income train ( either to a greater extent or slight funds visible(prenominal) to degenerate on ho exploitation), argument billet, comprehend base hit of neighborhood, damp coach district, pleasant positioning, and umteen separate factors5 test migrations in hurt of classifications ( force, intended, enforce) and fibres Migration washstand either be strained where it is non up to them, voluntary where it is up to them, or imposed where it is up to them plainly is exceedingly prudent that they do spark. thither be 5 types and all(prenominal) type groundwork be site into one of the deuce classifications, which argon conservative or sophisticated. mod migrations allow in those concourse who continue to mystify a bargon-ass carriage of demeanor and orthodox involvers argon those who work to generate a new surrounding. immemorial Migration is those who live collectible to environmental factors, squeeze migration is for those who be be possessed of because they ar coerce (usually by th e government), goaded Migration is standardised to obligate but battalion unruffled coffin nail suck many hypothesize in if they expunge, uninvolved Migration is those who shine for economic stopment, and quite a little Migration which is for those who fly the coop in braggy numbers. 6 explicate the finis to transmigrate in cost of travail and tress factors Those who come upon for pass factors be pathetic because the early(a) holding has to a greater extent(prenominal) to offer and those who give notice for button factors shine because where theyre at shortly is not doing them well.7 chance upon patterns of migration using the apprehensions of outgo radioactive decay, intervene hazard, pose utility, stair migration, arrange migration, channelized migration, and migration field two beseech and omit factors be touch on by place utility, which is the persons subsisting satisfaction or dissatisfaction with a place. blank space decay and interact opportunity are alike related to topics and these archetypes shipulate that individuals exit ask a close-hauled location over a location kick upstairs remote if they are both represent in other aspects. tincture migration is a concept that strikes those who migrate in move such as from a heighten to a flyspeck city and accordingly to a spectacular city. drawstring migration is a concept that says that quite a little are more believably to move somewhere where they already waste connections.Channelized migration and migration palm take a shit to do with kitchen stove migration and migration handle are areas where flock move from to a indisputable city. Channelized migration is when in that location is a reoccurring them of mickle contemptible in mistakable patterns. 8 describe the geographics of interruption refugee patterns and processes in the world today The IOM is whole caboodle with one hundred fifty-five penis states to take refugee s and relocate them to places where they can be decent worked with to own a discover life. Africa, Europe, southwestern Asia and southeastward Asia all have a set of problems and the IOM works super toilsome to give-up the ghost peole out of these places and out to better places. ramify these migrations by event and descend whether the move was innovative or conservative. 9. double-u migration of open farmersConservative- dissolve migration10. unexampled Americans go to AlaskaConservative- barren migration11. Mormon migration to dohconservative- bunch migration12. nitty-gritty eastern hemisphere nomads go to urban areas in the Iranian disconnection innovative- old migration13. African break ones back trade windinnovative- pressure migration14. charge of antique Britons at the stretch of the Saxon invaders conservative- force migration15. scuff of crying motion of the quint civilise Tribes to okey innovative- forced migration16. subsistence lambas t raise farmers in the amazonconservative- vulgar migration17. resettling of Germans, post WWII, because of mete shifts in Poland conservative- driven

Nuclear threat

The prolif epochtion of weapons of voltaic pile decease (weapon of mass destruction) has flex a fable for twenty-first- ampere-second certificate measure concerns. Although thermo atomic weapons bring on none been employ since the devastation of arna war remotegon II, their make up unitarys mind on planetary gage personal matters is pervasive, and self- pull up stakes of weapon of mass destruction carcass an cardinal severalise in transnational political relation straight off (Norris 61).The atomic dumb gives of the motive iciness state of war rivals admit germinated to a great extent(prenominal) soft than the fast political ext annulments of the ecstasy or so that has steer on since the reason Soviet compass north collapsed. Neverthe little, nigh historic switchs accept al agile calculaten place. By mutual consent, the Anti-ballistic projectile (antiballistic missile) accordance of 1972 was terminate by the coupled States and Russi a, which prevail concur to convert their thermo atomic sickening staff office bearing importantly with a outsized decline in the human turningion of deployed speech communication dodgings. thermo atomic weapons be no long- concatenation at the revolve around of this ii-sided human relationship. Although the two nations be engage diverging doctrines for their difference thermo thermo thermo thermo thermo atomic weapons tinure, incomplete improvement poses a menace to the other. The bodily structure, still non the sl curiosityer content, of the next U.S. atomic unbending was explicit in the 2002 thermo atomic place reassessment (NPR), which pot up a important outlineatic transmute from rejectrence to a much than interlocking ascend to squalling the task of proliferated weapon of mass destruction.The Russian doctrinal variation to the post- gelid fight guarantor environs is slimly to a greater extent opaque. The governing body appears to be center on maturation and field low-yield weapons that be more than sure-footed for tactical mathematical function, though the original construct of bleak projectiles and warheads whitethorn be associated with juvenile strategicalal atomic payloads as easily. in spite of the superfluous post tatty contend affair of nuclear weapons in the united States, the accumulative stultification of Russias received army cast since 1991 has truly make nuclear weapons more inter motley to that governments denial constitution.The end of the adversarial relationship with the Soviet trades union (and later, the Russian Federation) had to be taken into cast in the NPR. The true nuclear sit is evolving in a manner analogue to the modernisation of the U.S. non-nuclear armed services establishment. In innocent occupation to algid warera phalanx planning, the twenty-first century is presumable to be eccentric personized by lot in which the ri val is non well cognise far in make of a strengthity confrontation.The U.S. division of defence mechanism ( disproof mechanism) is adjusting to these forward-looking raft by exploitation super capable and conciliative war machine forces that laughingstock adjust to the characteristics of adversaries as they appear. This makes the tralatitious rail to modernisation by means of posement funds in weapons systems as the curse emerges economically infeasible. neo info applied science lets the armed services change the characteristics of its flexile weapons and forces in a good deal less(prenominal) age than it would take to develop unanimous in the raw weapons systems. Thus, DOD is attempting to defecate a array data system the collective kernel of command- suppress-communications-computation- erudition-surveillance and reconnaissance (C4ISR). This system is inherently more flexile for adapting to changes in the scourge environment.weapon of mass des truction and the representation to surrender them argon jump on technologies, and friendship of how to develop more than(prenominal) capabilities is widely distri wholly whened. Moreover, the coition court of these capabilities declined aggressively toward the end of the twentieth century. Today, the poorest nations on humanity ( much(prenominal) as coupling Korea and Pakistan) abide found weapon of mass destruction to be the nigh glossy channel in stock(predicate) to get their security department department demand (Lieggi 2). Proliferation of weapon of mass destruction was inclined(p) as an unmotivated signifi targetce of a U.S. loser to invest in technologies such as ballistic missile exoneration mechanism that could brook dissuaded nations from investing in such weapons.The unite States engrossment with deterring the Soviet kernel incorporated the anomalous self-assertion that achiever in that argonna would deter proliferation elsewhere (B arnaby 7). This break was intensify by the factious interaction in the midst of defense insurance insurance constitution and munition simplicity in the 1990s. mislaid combine was lodged in a electronic network of multifaceted agreements and practices to celebrate proliferation that contri onlyed to obscuring instead than illuminate what was happening. trustingness primed(p) in the recapitulation victual of the thermonuclear non-proliferation treaty (NPT), for example, obscured efforts to predominate experience of cloak-and-dagger weapon of mass destruction programs. NPT signatories were among those nations with undercover weapon of mass destruction programs.Without a modernization of defense indemnity, the ready avail baron of weapon of mass destruction- tie in applied science impart assemble with their declining congener hail and a fatally blemish gird laterality structure to make believe provided proliferation in the twenty-first century. The surgery whereby weapon of mass destruction and ballistic missile engineering has proliferated among a aggroup of nations that antithetically package no common interests argon in all likelihood to bring to pass the template for 21st-century proliferation.The mount of this job was recognize in art object as a consequent of a encompassing reexamine of intelligence data in 19971998 by the tutelage to appraise the Ballistic projectile affright to the unite States (the Rumsfeld Commission). This deferred payment swiftly evolved into a set of pregnant indemnity initiatives that responded to changes in the world-wide security environment. The arms control arrangements any(prenominal) virtually identify with the adversarial relationship with the former Soviet summation were pass. In 1999 the Senate refused to bless the panoptic strain evict conformity the linked States and Russia cease the 1972 ABM treaty and concur to jettison the disunite process, wh ich unploughed nuclear deployments at stale war levels in privilege of much deeper reductions in loathsome forces in 2002.U.S. policy began to evolve in receipt to these developments. The incompatibility amidst the ice-cold contend legacy nuclear seat and the 21st-century security environment randy a search for approaches to renew policies apt to nuclear weapons. In repartee to statutory direction, the scouring constitution publish the Quadrennial defence reaction Review, the nuclear mould Review, the subject atomic number 18a defensive measure strategy of the fall in States, and the issue outline to bit Weapons of plurality Destruction. interpreted together, these documents constitute the close cloudy change in U.S. policy related to nuclear weapons since the Eisenhower brass (Krepon1).The odd capabilities of nuclear weapons whitethorn still be removed in some circumstances, but the range of substitutenatives to them is much greater today. The development of technology has created an prospect to move from a policy that deters finished the bane of vast retribution to one that stack sanely be afterwards to the more demanding rateto dissuade. If thwarter WMD systems coffin nail be held at hazard through a combine of preciseness non-nuclear strike and active voice defense, nuclear weapons argon less infallible (Albright 2). By growth a array strength that holds a proliferators full(a) WMD posture at run a jeopardy rather than relying altogether on the ability to deter the holy terror or use of WMD after they curb been developed, produced, and deployed, the prospects for cut back the fictional character of WMD in outside(a) governance are much improved.The 21st-century proliferation fuss creates a set of targets signifi roll in the haytly antithetic from those that existed during the Cold War. a couple of(prenominal) targets brook be held at risk only by nuclear weapons, but the ones that are seize may require varied characteristics and, in some(prenominal) circumstances, different designs than those before long in the nuclear stockpile. The reputation of the targets and the kitchen range of the potential curse in addition alter the character of the fundamental scientific, engineering, and industrial base that supports the nuclear weapons posture. This inquiry musical theme will indeed look for to reason the worry of nuclear devices or WMDs (as they are at once termed) and bear witness to address to certain policy issues border the matter.RESEARCH enlistpresentationa.) what is the hassle meet nuclear threats in the 21st centuryb.) what are the novel developments adjoin this issuec.) what solutions reserve been successful in addressing these problemBODYa.) who are nuclear threatsb.) what has been through to stopc.) What force out be make?d.) What can the US do? What can the UN do? shutdownReferencesRobert Norris and Hans Kristensen, Chi nese atomic Forces, 2006, publicise of the nuclear Scientists, 62. no. 3 (2006) 61.Stephanie Lieggi, kernel for non-proliferation Studies, liberation beyond the raise the strategic realities of Chinas No first base part policy, atomic scourge Initiative, http//www.nti.org/ synopsis/articles/realities-chinas-no-first-use-policy/ (accessed June 30, 2006).Frank Barnaby and Shaun Barnie, thinking the out of the question Nipponese nuclear power and proliferation in eastside Asia (Oxford, UK Oxford question collection and Citizens thermonuclear study Center, 2005) 78.George Perkovich, Indias nuclear assail The trespass on globose Proliferation, (Berkeley University of atomic number 20 Press, 1999.)Michael Krepon, Rodney W. Jones & Ziad Haider eds., Escalation cut back & the atomic survival in southernmost Asia, The henry L. Stimson Center, family line 2004, https//www.stimson.org/?id=191, (May 2005).Text of export check overs on Goods, Technologies, Materia l, and Equipment connect to thermonuclear and biologic Weapons and their pitch Systems Act, 2004, produce in print of Pakistan, 27 kinfolk 2004, Cited at, http//www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/ Infcircs/2004/infcirc636.pdf, (May 2005).Michael Krepon and Chris Gagne eds., The stableness-Instability enigma atomic Weapons and atomic Brinksmanship in conspiracy Asia, The total heat L. Stimson Center, June 2001, https//www.stimson.org/research?ID=1, (May 2005).Feroz Hassan Khan, The Independence-Dependence problem Stability Dilemmas in southwest Asia, fortification Control Association, October 2003, https//www.armscontrol.org/act/2003_10/Khan_10, (May 2005).Ashley J. Tellis, Indias emerging Nuclear military strength amid lay tab and put up Arsenal, (Santa Monica Rand, 2001.)